Music Therapy

Music therapy is a discipline widely used in the medical field as a therapeutic tool. It can aid physical and emotional rehabilitation of individuals and help develop communication skills and positive relationships with others.

What is Music Therapy?

Music therapy involves harnessing music elements such as lyrics, melody, and rhythm to facilitate recovery from various conditions. Music therapists are responsible for organizing activities and selecting songs for therapeutic purposes based on the rehabilitation goals. Physical aspects of music therapy may involve movement in response to the music, playing musical instruments, or singing. On the other hand, using music therapy for emotional purposes entails listening to music and engaging in activities that promote emotional well-being.

How is Music Therapy used in Medicine?

Music therapy has its roots in ancient Greek legends, which believed music could ward off illness and disease. As scientific understanding advanced, Florence Nightingale, the pioneer of modern nursing, incorporated music into medical practices in 1859, recognizing its potential to aid patient recovery from various ailments. Since then, the medical field has widely adopted music therapies as a therapeutic tool.
In 1944, the University of Michigan established the first music therapy program, paving the way for its integration into healthcare and extensive research worldwide.

In Thailand, music therapy was first introduced in the medical field around 1967 at Srithanya Hospital in Nonthaburi Province by Mr. Rampaiphan Srisophak, a renowned national artist in the performing arts field.

What are the Types of Music Therapy?

Music therapy is broadly of two main types:

1. Physical Music Therapy: This involves physical movements in response to music therapy. It includes activities such as singing, playing musical instruments, or moving to the rhythm of music. These physical responses stimulate various organs and systems within the body. For example, the increased heart rate caused by music therapy can improve blood circulation. Therefore, physical music therapy can aid in the recovery from conditions such as hypertension, migraines, and cardiovascular diseases.
2. Psychological Music Therapy focuses on an individual's emotional and psychological well-being. Listening to music therapy can positively impact one's mood and shift their attention toward themselves. Moreover, the sound of music can synchronize brainwaves, inducing a state of deep relaxation similar to meditation, which can help alleviate symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and relief from anxiety and stress. Additionally, music therapy stimulates the release of endorphins, promoting a sense of happiness and reducing symptoms like nausea.

What Kind of Music Is Suitable for Music Therapy?

Music therapy can incorporate various genres of music, depending on the preferences of the individuals receiving music therapy. Music therapy encompasses a gamut of musical styles -- classical, pop, jazz, or any other genre. As a form of performing art, music therapy is versatile and adaptable to suit the needs of patients. Therefore, music therapists must possess deep musical understanding and its related physical and psychological effects.

Who Can Benefit from Music Therapy?

1. Military Personnel: Military personnel often face physical and psychological challenges carrying out their duty, potentially resulting in physical and psychological injuries. Music therapy can aid in the recovery from physical injuries and emotional trauma of veterans experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other mental health conditions.
2. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Due to the patient's language impairment, communication difficulties, and repetitive behaviors, the patient learns best when the information heard is rhythmic, predictable, and consistent. Therefore, music therapy can aid in developing the patient's communication skills and learning abilities.
3. Alzheimer's Patients: Patients with Alzheimer's disease experience cognitive decline, including memory loss. Music therapy can stimulate memories associated with familiar songs, similar to recalling memories triggered by visiting familiar places. Music therapy can evoke positive emotional responses and help individuals with Alzheimer's disease feel more connected and engaged.
4. Prison Inmates: Music therapy can address the psychological well-being of individuals in prisons. It can help reduce stress, anxiety, and aggressive behaviors, providing a means for relaxation and self-expression.
5. Accident Survivors: Accidents can leave a lasting impact on individuals, affecting their physical and mental well-being. Some may experience conditions such as depression or panic disorder, accompanied by heightened anxiety and apprehension. In such cases, music therapy is a powerful means of helping accident survivors heal their bodies and minds.
6. Individuals with ADHD: Music therapy can be helpful for individuals with ADHD, commonly found in children. It helps improve focus and attention, allowing children to feel more relaxed and exhibit improved concentration and engagement with their surroundings.
7. Substance Abuse Addicts and Recovered Addicts: Music therapy can assist in reducing cravings for substances, as it aids in relaxation and stress reduction. Moreover, it can help recovered individuals regain their physical and mental capabilities.

The Process of Music Therapy

1. Assessment: Music therapists conduct initial assessments to gain insight into the individual's condition, including any medical history, physical and communication skills, and musical preferences. This assessment helps design a personalized music therapy plan.
2. Therapy Sessions: During therapy sessions, individuals and music therapists engage in songwriting, singing, listening to music, movement exercises, instrument playing, or discussing various aspects of music. The specific activities depend on the therapeutic goals and the individual's needs.
3. Evaluation: After completing a series of therapy sessions, music therapists evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy in addressing the individual's goals and overall well-being.

The Benefits of Music Therapy

Music therapy offers several benefits across three dimensions:

1. Emotional and Psychological: Music therapy helps individuals release negative emotions, improve mood, and cope with stress and anxiety.
2. Physical: Music therapy stimulates physical responses, such as increased heart rate, improved blood circulation, and enhanced motor skills. It can aid in physical recovery and alleviate symptoms of various conditions.
3. Social: Music therapy creates a sense of community and promotes social interactions. It can enhance communication skills and foster positive relationships among individuals.

Music therapy is not limited to patients only. Anyone interested in enhancing their well-being can explore the benefits of music therapy. Consultation with a qualified music therapist is advisable to receive appropriate guidance and plan a tailored music therapy approach.